Building an Interregional Transmission Overlay for a Resilient U.S. Grid

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The U.S. power grid was not designed for this moment, when large industrial loads, data centers, renewable buildout, and extreme weather are colliding at scale. Incremental transmission upgrades may no longer be enough to maintain reliability, affordability, and flexibility across regions. This white paper invites engineers, planners, utilities, and policymakers to step back and examine what a more interconnected grid could enable—and what’s at risk if regional systems continue to operate in isolation. It offers a grounded, accessible look at how an Interregional Transmission Overlay could reshape planning assumptions and unlock new options for the decade ahead.